習(xí)近平主席在G20工商峰會(huì)開幕式上說：“杭州是中國的一個(gè)歷史文化重鎮(zhèn)和商貿(mào)中心，有千年以上的歷史。千百年來，從白居易到蘇東坡，從西湖到大運(yùn)河，杭州的悠久歷史和文化傳說引人入勝。”杭州，這個(gè)歷史名城，究竟有怎樣的人文底蘊(yùn)？又有哪些歷史名人曾留下足跡？聽小布來講一講~
杭城故事
擁有豐富感情的杭州人，創(chuàng)造了許多動(dòng)人的故事。許仙白娘子的驚世之戀；蘇小小的芳魂不斷；濟(jì)公的醉觀塵世……每一個(gè)故事都表達(dá)著杭州人的愛恨情仇。他們有“楊柳岸曉風(fēng)殘?jiān)隆钡睦p綿悱惻，也有“舍得一身剮，敢把皇帝拉下馬”的俠肝義膽。他們是可愛真實(shí)的杭州人。A Hangzhou Story
The Hangzhou people, full of feeling, have made many moving stories. Xu Xian, Lady Bai and their story of love, Su Xiaoxiao and her beautiful soul, the famous mad monk Ji Gong’s drunken view of the world… every story reflects the strong emotions of the people of Hangzhou. They have the poetic feeling of willows on the banks of a river under moonlight, as well as a dashing bravery that knows no bounds. These are the characters of Hangzhou people.
秦始皇和杭州
公元前221年，秦滅六國，秦始皇率領(lǐng)船隊(duì)出游東南。據(jù)《史記·秦始皇本紀(jì)》記載：“至錢塘，臨浙江（錢塘江），水波惡。乃西百二十里從狹中渡。”面對(duì)洶涌的錢塘潮，逆行120 里，秦始皇派人將大船纜系在保俶山一塊巨石上，自己登上山頂眺望江面。他就這樣，于兩千多年前在杭州留下了自己的印記。 Emperor Qin Shihuang and Hangzhou
In 221 BC, when the Qin Dynasty destroyed the six kingdoms, Emperor Qin Shihuang lead an expedition to the southeast of China. According to historical records on the emperor: “When arriving at the Qiantang, near the Qiantang River, the water was rough. Thus, the party travelled west 120 li to cross”. The emperor had the boats tied to a rock at Mount Baochu, and ascended the mountaintop to look over the river, leaving his footprints in Hangzhou more than two millennia ago.
不應(yīng)忘卻的范市長
歷代“市長”中，北宋范仲淹是不容忘卻的一位。他擔(dān)任杭州知府僅一年多，恰逢“兩浙路大饑荒，道有餓殍，饑民流移滿路”。范公大膽實(shí)行“荒政三策”：大興土木、發(fā)展旅游、招商引糧。三策條條奏效，饑荒頓除。范公死后，百姓為紀(jì)念其惠政，曾在孤山建范公祠，在梅東高橋建范府君廟，甚至一度奉其為土地神。A Mayor that Should Not Be Forgotten
Among the “mayors” of history, Fan Zhongyan of the Northen Song Dynasty is one that deserves remembering. He served for only a little more than a year in Hangzhou, but at the time the city ran into a severe famine during which many people starved to death. He boldly implemented a three-point policy combating the famine, where many buildings were constructed, tourism was developed, and merchants were courted to import grain. The three points were all effective, and the famine was eradicated. After he died, to thank him for his excellent work, at Mount Gu a shrine was constructed for him, at the Meidong Bridge a temple was built, and some revered him as a local deity.
岳王廟里憶岳飛
岳王廟位于西湖邊的北山路上。南宋著名愛國將領(lǐng)岳飛堪稱是一個(gè)完美的男人，他既是軍事家又是詩人。“莫等閑，白了少年頭，空悲切！”他所寫的《滿江紅》壯懷激烈，文采斐然，激勵(lì)了一代又一代的愛國青年。這樣的男人到了今天或許就該稱為男神了。Remembering Yue Fei
The Yue Fei Temple is situated on Beishan Road on the side of the West Lake. Yue Fei was a patriotic general of the Southern Song Dynasty and is widely praised even now as a great man. He excelled at military affairs as well as poetry. A famous poem written by him is full of passion and has motivated generation after generation of patriotic youths.
杭州通司徒雷登
司徒雷登是杭州通，而且可說是杭州話講得最好的美國名人了，因?yàn)樗诤贾荩L在杭州，在美國去世后也如愿魂歸故里安息在杭州。據(jù)說當(dāng)年他去河坊街王潤興飯莊吃飯時(shí)點(diǎn)菜：“件兒要瘦，肥了倒胃；木郎豆腐多放胡椒，要燒得入味；響鈴兒要熬稍……”正宗的杭州土話直把飯店伙計(jì)聽得一愣一愣的。John Leighton Stuart
John Leighton Stuart was an “old Hangzhou hand”, and was the best American speaker of Hangzhou dialect, as he was born and grew up in Hangzhou. After he died in the United States, he wanted his remains returned to Hangzhou to be buried. It’s said that one time he ordered at the Wangrunxing restaurant at Hefang Street: “Make it thin, ’cause fat messes up my stomach, y’all. Gimme more spice in the beans, that’s how I likes it. Cook it up right…” his fluent use of the vernacular shocked the waiters.
梅妻鶴子的傳說
傳說宋代詩人林逋，不愿為官，就隱居于杭州，結(jié)廬孤山北麓，沉浸于歌山畫水。他終身未娶，沒有子嗣。種了一株梅花，把梅花當(dāng)做妻子；還養(yǎng)了兩只鶴，就把鶴當(dāng)做自己的孩子。于是就有了梅妻鶴子的故事。The Legend of the Plum Wife and Crane Children
Legend holds that Song poet Lin Bu was unwilling to become an official, and instead chose to become a hermit in Hangzhou, living on the north side of Mount Gu and involving himself in songs and paintings. He never married, and had no heir. He planted a plum tree and treated it as his wife, and raised two cranes as his children.
子久草堂
都以為黃公望只在富春山間徘徊，未曾想杭州的浴鵠灣也有他的足跡，他的足跡留在子久草堂。草堂臨水，背山而還可望山，倚門眺望，雷峰塔可一收眼底。他畫的《富春山居圖》，無論你趕到臺(tái)北故宮還是浙博，都只能看到半幅，但坐于這草堂，你可以輕輕松松地把他六百年前見過的風(fēng)景一一看來。Zijiu Thatched Cottage
We all think that Yuan Dynasty painter Huang Gongwang only walked around the Fuchun Mountain Range, but in fact his footprints also set upon Yuhu Bay in Hangzhou at the Zijiu Thatched Cottage. The cottage lies near the water, and has a view of mountains. If you stand at the door and look far off, you can see the Leifeng Pagoda. You can see one half each of his painting Living in the Fuchun Mountains at the Zhejiang Provincial Museum and the Palace Museum in Taipei, but sitting here, you can take the entire thing in.
古韻書香文瀾閣
文瀾閣位于西湖孤山南麓，是1782 年為珍藏《四庫全書》而建的皇家藏書樓。閣內(nèi)東南側(cè)和東側(cè)的石碑，分別刻有清乾隆帝題詩、頒發(fā)《四庫全書》上諭和清光緒帝所題“文瀾閣”。閣內(nèi)的《四庫全書》歷經(jīng)滄桑，是浙江幾代人的俠肝義膽才使得它能躲過戰(zhàn)亂 而幸存。而文瀾閣日積月累的古書香氣，一直浸潤著杭城人的心靈。Ancient Books in the Wenlan Pavillion
The Wenlan Pavilion is situated at the southern foot of Mount Gu near the West Lake. For saving the Complete Library of the Four Branches of Literature, it was constructed in 1782 by the emperor. Inside, at the southeast and east sides there are steles, with inscriptions by the Qianlong Emperor as well as the Guangxu Emperor. The books within have been preserved through wars and conflicts due to the bravery and heroic efforts of generations of people in Zhejiang. The collected works in this place reflect the spirit of the people of Hangzhou.
月老和月老祠
雷峰塔邊的月老祠，因發(fā)源于杭州的月老故事而成為香火極盛的卜婚場(chǎng)所。金庸為此曾比較月老和愛神丘比特，認(rèn)為小孩拿箭亂射是魯莽，月老稽考簿籍，紅線縛人，則溫柔、文明。而月老祠的楹聯(lián)“愿天下有情人，都成了眷屬；是前身注定事，莫錯(cuò)過姻緣”，更是東方哲學(xué)和“愛情之都”浪漫氣息的體現(xiàn)。The Matchmaker and Matchmaker’s Temple
Next to the Leifeng Pagoda is the Matchmaker’s Temple. Because of the classical story of the matchmaker under the moon at this site in Hangzhou, the place has become a famous site for fortunetelling regarding marriages. Jin Yong (a wellknown writer) once compared the matchmaker under the moon of China and the god of love Cupid, thinking of the child as hot-headed and rash, whereas the matchmaker checking record is gentle and cultured. The set of couplets hanging on the wall of the Matchmaker’s Temple says: “Let the lovers of the world become spouses. This is set in previous lives – do not miss your match.” This is the romantic meeting of oriental philosophy and “the city of love”.
相親圣地
萬松書院是明清時(shí)杭州規(guī)模最大、歷時(shí)最久、影響最廣的文人匯集地。王陽明、齊召南等大咖曾在此講學(xué)，袁枚也曾在此就讀。但現(xiàn)在它是一個(gè)相親場(chǎng)所。每周六上午，四面八方的大媽大爺都會(huì)帶著自己子女的信息過來，為其物色對(duì)象。這種功能的變化，源于一個(gè)經(jīng)典愛情故事——梁祝。這兩位正是在此地讀書而結(jié)緣的。A Place for Meeting One’s Love
The Wansong Academy of the Qing and Ming dynasties is the site of cultural exchange largest in scale, with the longest history and biggest impact. The famous Wang Yangming and Qi Zhaonan, among others, gave talks here, and Yuan Mei also studied in this place. Now it’s a spot for people to meet their lover. Every Saturday morning, old ladies and gentlemen from all over bright their children’s information to find them a potential spouse. This kind of functional shift has its origins in a classical love story – the Butterfly Lovers. The two are said to have met here.
碑林
某日席間，一老北京問一老杭州，“你們有個(gè)碑林，你知道嗎？” 老杭州愕然無答，覺得很丟面子，居然叫一個(gè)外地人這樣問倒。回后多處打聽，終在吳山邊的勞動(dòng)路上找著這碑林，一看更汗顏， 竟有如此多寶貝：二王、蘇米等歷代書家的手筆刻石，理宗、康熙、乾隆的御書石碑……五百多方，由唐至清，十分壯觀。Forest of Steles
One day, an old Beijing man asked an old Hangzhou native, “You have a forest of steles, you know that?” The Hangzhou native was surprised, and felt ashamed that an outsider would ask him this. After he returned and made inquiries, he finally found this forest of steles near Laodong Road, next to Mount Wu. He blushed with shame when he saw so many steles: the Two Wangs(Wang Xizhi & Wang Xianzhi), Northern Song calligraphers Su Shi and Mi Fu, and others, the Lizong, Kangxi and Qianlong emperors… more than 500 in total, from the Tang to the Qing Dynasty, all a sight to behold.
桃花錯(cuò)
吳山有一巖石叫感花巖。相傳唐代詩人崔護(hù)吳山游春，因口渴叩一柴扉求飲，巧遇一桃花般明媚的女子。次年再訪，佳人卻杳無影蹤，遂于壁間題下“去年今日此門中，人面桃花相映紅。人面不知何處去，桃花依舊笑春風(fēng)”一詩。200 年后蘇軾游吳山念及崔護(hù)其詩其事，亦于壁間寫下《賞牡丹詩》附之，感傷這場(chǎng)桃花錯(cuò)。The Missed Peach Blossom
At Mount Wu there is a “sentimental peach blossom rock”. Legend has it that Tang Dynasty poet Cui Hu visited Mount Wu in the spring and knocked on a door to ask for a drink because of thirst. He was greeted by a maiden beautiful as a peach blossom. When he visited the next year, there was no trace of this beauty. He wrote a poem: “A whole year ago to the gate I did pace, with blooming peaches shining upon her face. Now the smiling face which I saw and miss has gone nowhere, the peaches are still coming into bloom in spring breeze here.” 200 years later Su Shi travelled here and read Cui Hu’s poem. He wrote his own poem, “Admiring the Peonies”, to acknowledge this missed meeting between Cui Hu and the peach beauty.
八卦田
玉皇山南麓的八卦田，是由南宋皇帝趙構(gòu)所建，距今有近900年了，保存完好。這是根據(jù)伏羲氏所作的太極陰陽八卦圖案建造的。按一年二十四節(jié)氣四季輪回在“八丘田”里種植不同的莊稼，表示對(duì)農(nóng)事的尊重，祈求風(fēng)調(diào)雨順、五谷豐登，也表示趙構(gòu)重整旗鼓、收復(fù)江山的決心。現(xiàn)開辟為公園，成為人們學(xué)習(xí)農(nóng)事和休閑的地方了。Field of the Eight Diagrams
At the southern foot of Jade Emperor Mountain there is a Field of the Eight Diagrams, which was built under the reign of Southern Song Emperor Zhao Gou, and almost 900 years later it remains in good shape. It is built in the shape of the Eight Diagrams of Yin and Yang defined by legendary leader Fu Xi. It consists of sections that are planted in accordance with the twenty-four Solar Periods as defined in the traditional Chinese lunar calendar, to show respect for agricultural affairs and pray for good rains and harvest. It was also built as a display of Zhao Gou’s determination to rally force again and recover the lost territory. It is now open as a park, for both relaxation and learning about agriculture.
浣紗路
走過浣紗路，未見浣紗河。聽老杭州說這是在浣紗河上筑的路。浣紗河古稱清湖河，又因在這里浣紗洗衣的杵搗聲終日不絕，而得名浣紗河。昔日的浣紗河，沿岸楊柳低垂，小橋流水人家，夏日里，小伢兒在河里游泳、抓魚、嬉鬧。由浣紗河變成浣紗路， 對(duì)多數(shù)老杭州來說，是一段難以割舍的記憶。Huansha Road
Walking along Huansha Road, I don’t see the Huansha River. An old resident says that Huansha Road was built over the Huansha River. The Huansha River was originally called the Qinghu River, but its name was changed due to associations with washing clothing. Huansha River in the old days was lined by willows, featured many bridges, and had people who would wash clothes and children playing in it in summer days, fishing and having fun. It’s a nostalgic memory for those old enough to remember it.
知味之余， 知音不斷
“知味停車，聞香下馬；欲知我味，觀料便知”說的是杭州百年老店知味觀，它是國家首批認(rèn)定的中華老字號(hào)和中國十大餐飲品 牌。1913年由孫翼齋建立，開張之初生意并沒他想象中的紅火，他想著自己的點(diǎn)心不比別人差，就在門楣上寫下了“欲知我味， 觀料便知”，不料竟引起了人們的好奇。從此知味之余，知音不斷。 Zhiweiguan Restaurant
One of the major classical food and beverage brands as recognised by China, Zhiweiguan is a famous restaurant in Hangzhou. Founded by Sun Yizhai in 1913, the business wasn’t originally that good as he imagined, As he thought the pastries he produced could compete with other brands, he hung a sign at the doorhead saying “If you want to know how the product is, come see how it’s made”. It attracted curious people, and the brand became famous since then.
內(nèi)容參考《微觀杭州》一書
見習(xí)編輯：馮晨希
責(zé)任編輯：沈華軍
