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故意降低女生分?jǐn)?shù),只為多錄男生!日本名校曝驚天丑聞

作者:左卓 來源: 中國日報(bào)網(wǎng)
2018-08-16 13:42:01

“分?jǐn)?shù)面前人人平等”,然而,日本一所名牌大學(xué)卻給不同性別的考生設(shè)定了雙重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

8月7日,日本東京醫(yī)科大學(xué)(Tokyo Medical University)承認(rèn),為了限制女性入學(xué)比例,暗中降低了她們的考試分?jǐn)?shù)。

故意降低女生分?jǐn)?shù),只為多錄男生!日本名校曝驚天丑聞

在該大學(xué)今年的醫(yī)學(xué)入學(xué)考試中,女性考生被減掉了20到30分,而男性考生則被加了20分。分?jǐn)?shù)被篡改后,在171名通過的學(xué)生中,僅有30名為女性。

故意降低女生分?jǐn)?shù),只為多錄男生!日本名校曝驚天丑聞

據(jù)報(bào)道,這一暗箱操作開始于2006年,甚至更早。在過去的20年中,女性通過國家醫(yī)學(xué)考試的比例一直僅在30%左右。

事后,東京醫(yī)科大學(xué)發(fā)表聲明,稱操縱分?jǐn)?shù)的行為確實(shí)是錯(cuò)誤的,保證不會(huì)再這樣做。

“We sincerely apologize for the serious wrongdoing involving entrance exams that has caused concern and trouble for many people and betrayed the public’s trust,” said Tetsuo Yukioka, the school’s managing director.

大學(xué)的常務(wù)董事行岡哲男說,“我們真誠為操縱入學(xué)分?jǐn)?shù)的嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤行為道歉,這引發(fā)了很多擔(dān)憂,為很多人帶來了麻煩,背叛了公眾的信任。”

故意降低女生分?jǐn)?shù),只為多錄男生!日本名校曝驚天丑聞
 
大學(xué)還稱,會(huì)考慮重新錄取實(shí)際通過考試但被拒的學(xué)生,但并沒有解釋具體如何操作。

The school said it would consider retroactively admitting students who otherwise would have passed the exams, but did not explain how it would do so.

大學(xué)稱會(huì)考慮重新錄取本應(yīng)通過考試的學(xué)生,但未解釋具體如何操作。

據(jù)悉,操縱分?jǐn)?shù)一事是該大學(xué)前負(fù)責(zé)人Masahiko Usui和Mamoru Suzuki一手策劃的。

兩人事后辯稱,女性醫(yī)生會(huì)為了結(jié)婚生子而放棄醫(yī)療工作,從而造成醫(yī)生短缺,他們是不得已才采取了這一措施。

With brutally long working hours and demanding schedules at the university’s affiliated hospitals, these institutions want to predominantly hire male physicians as it is believed they are less likely to leave the medical profession compared to women.

醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院需要進(jìn)行長時(shí)間、高強(qiáng)度的工作,醫(yī)院認(rèn)為,跟女性相比,男性更不容易離職,因此,更希望雇傭男性內(nèi)科醫(yī)生。

雖然這種說法獲得了部分業(yè)內(nèi)人士的贊同,但卻激起了更多人的憤怒和不滿,他們在東京醫(yī)科大學(xué)門前抗議,呼吁推進(jìn)性別平等。

《外交學(xué)者》(The Diplomat)稱:

The scandal has sparked outrage, opening public debate on the value of women’s societal contribution where instead of supporting women in their careers, TMU has reinforced the notion that women are a waste of investment and are better off bearing sole responsibility for domestic and child rearing tasks.

這一丑聞激起民憤,公眾紛紛就女性在社會(huì)貢獻(xiàn)方面的價(jià)值展開討論,東京醫(yī)科大學(xué)的做法不但沒能支持女性追求自己的事業(yè),反而強(qiáng)化了一個(gè)固有觀念,即對(duì)女性的投資是一種浪費(fèi),她們只要把相夫教子的職責(zé)做好就好了。

這一丑聞也驚動(dòng)了日本政府。日本文部科學(xué)大臣林芳正稱會(huì)及時(shí)徹查入學(xué)考試中的暗箱操作。

Education Minister Yoshimasa Hayashi said his ministry will conduct an emergency survey targeting all colleges and universities which have a department of medicine to make sure fairness is maintained in their entrance exams.

日本文部科學(xué)大臣林芳正稱,將會(huì)在所有開設(shè)醫(yī)科專業(yè)的大學(xué)開展緊急調(diào)查,確保入學(xué)考試的公平性。

日本總務(wù)相野田圣子將東京醫(yī)科大學(xué)的做法描述為,極為令人擔(dān)憂和震驚(extremely alarming),并宣布要在所有醫(yī)科大學(xué)中整頓女性歧視問題。

據(jù)悉,東京醫(yī)科大學(xué)性別歧視現(xiàn)象是在一樁貪腐案件中被順藤摸瓜,連帶揭露出來的。

東京地區(qū)檢察官辦公室(The Tokyo District Public Prosecutors' Office)稱,去年五月,時(shí)任文部科學(xué)省科學(xué)技術(shù)學(xué)術(shù)政策局局長佐野太給東京醫(yī)科大學(xué)開后門,在援助私立大學(xué)項(xiàng)目中為學(xué)校提供便利,作為交換,他的兒子入學(xué)考試時(shí)獲得了49分的加分。目前,涉事的三人均被起訴。

在調(diào)查這件貪腐案時(shí),記者發(fā)現(xiàn)了該校錄取比例的可疑之處,從而揭發(fā)了入學(xué)考試中的性別歧視問題。

長久以來,日本一直存在性別歧視現(xiàn)象。通過操縱分?jǐn)?shù)來邊緣化女性的做法竟發(fā)生在東京醫(yī)科大學(xué)這樣一所名氣斐然的高等院校,令人震驚。

而據(jù)日媒報(bào)道,在日本,進(jìn)行暗箱操作、打壓報(bào)考女生的,不僅僅是東京醫(yī)科大學(xué)一家。

《讀賣新聞》8月12日發(fā)布的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查稱,對(duì)日本81所有醫(yī)學(xué)部的大學(xué)的男女錄取率進(jìn)行比較后發(fā)現(xiàn),至少有七成以上的醫(yī)學(xué)部存在這一問題。

安倍政府在過去的幾年中采取了多項(xiàng)措施,宣揚(yáng)要建設(shè)“一個(gè)所有女性都能發(fā)光的社會(huì)”(“a society where all women shine”)。然而,這不應(yīng)只是一個(gè)空洞無用的口號(hào)。

《日本時(shí)報(bào)》(Japan Times)等主流媒體就此事發(fā)文,批評(píng)日本的性別歧視現(xiàn)狀。

Choosing less qualified men over more competent women has been seen as an easy short-term solution since these men are evidently willing to slave away more than their female counterparts.

因?yàn)槟行员扰愿艹钥?,而放棄更有能力的女性,選擇資格稍欠的男性,這只是一個(gè)為圖方便的短視之舉。

The long-term impact, however, is devastating. Not only does it deprive women of deserved and well-earned opportunities, it also lowers the quality of health care in Japan.

但從長遠(yuǎn)來看,此舉是得不償失的。這不僅剝奪了女性應(yīng)得的高薪工作機(jī)會(huì),還降低了日本的醫(yī)療水平。

By preventing half of Japan’s much needed working population, namely women, from making meaningful economic and societal contributions, we are allowing Japan’s economic growth engine to stall and permitting the slow decay of society.

這種做法限制了日本急需的半數(shù)勞動(dòng)力,即女性,做出經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)貢獻(xiàn),日本的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展會(huì)因此停滯,整個(gè)社會(huì)也會(huì)逐漸墮落。

看完了這次性別歧視丑聞的前因后果,那么問題來了,日本的職業(yè)女性還面臨哪些困境?

經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與發(fā)展組織(Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development)的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查表明,盡管日本成年女性的受教育程度居世界前列,近50%有大學(xué)文憑,但她們的才能并沒有得到應(yīng)有的發(fā)揮。在醫(yī)生等高技能職業(yè)中,女性的占比出奇的低,例如,女性內(nèi)科醫(yī)師只占了該行業(yè)的21%。

造成上述現(xiàn)象的原因不僅僅是入學(xué)分?jǐn)?shù)被操縱,還有應(yīng)聘工作時(shí)的性別歧視,高強(qiáng)度長時(shí)間的工作環(huán)境和日本社會(huì)對(duì)女性的角色限制。

? 應(yīng)聘時(shí)存在歧視女性的現(xiàn)象

It is no secret that many companies favor male candidates over female candidates in their recruiting process.

許多公司在招聘過程中偏愛男性申請人,這已經(jīng)不是什么秘密了。

Some companies openly comment on how female candidates tend to score higher than male counterparts in screening tests and therefore they need to lower the bar for men in order to keep “an ideal gender ratio.”

有的公司會(huì)公開稱,女性申請人在篩選測試中通常比男性的分?jǐn)?shù)更高,但為了維持“一個(gè)理想的性別比”,他們會(huì)降低男性入選的門檻。

? 工作強(qiáng)度太大,對(duì)需要養(yǎng)育孩子的女性而言很不友好

有媒體報(bào)道,70%的女性在有了孩子后離開了工作崗位,因?yàn)槿毡镜墓ぷ鲿r(shí)間太長,難以兼顧養(yǎng)育孩子。

不少女性醫(yī)務(wù)工作人員在此次丑聞曝光后發(fā)聲,道出了自己的辛酸事。

日本女性醫(yī)療工作聯(lián)合協(xié)會(huì)主管,產(chǎn)科醫(yī)生Kyoko Tanebe指出,醫(yī)生這一職業(yè)預(yù)設(shè)要“無私奉獻(xiàn)”("selfless devotion" ),并要工作很長時(shí)間,這些都為需要生養(yǎng)兒女的女性帶來了麻煩。

一名東京的45歲的女性醫(yī)療工作者說,日本的醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域長久以來一直對(duì)女性很不友好:

Many women who wanted to keep working ended up quitting. She herself had to leave a university hospital because she was not allowed to take a childcare leave after giving birth, she said.

很多想要繼續(xù)工作的女性最終都放棄了。她本人由于不被準(zhǔn)許產(chǎn)假而被迫離開了大學(xué)醫(yī)院。

故意降低女生分?jǐn)?shù),只為多錄男生!日本名校曝驚天丑聞

甚至有公司為女性職工安排了可以懷孕的時(shí)間表,違反規(guī)定還要受罰。

Earlier this year, a Japanese woman was reprimanded by her boss for becoming pregnant before it was her “turn,” going against a timetable that dictated when women employees were allowed to marry and have children, according to media reports.

媒體報(bào)道,今年早些時(shí)候,一名日本女性因違反所在公司給女性規(guī)定的結(jié)婚生子時(shí)間表,在“輪到”她之前提前懷孕而受到了上司的責(zé)罵。

然而,即使這一操作是非法的,女性上訴后也只能獲得微薄的補(bǔ)償金。

? 日本社會(huì)期待女性照顧家人

除了養(yǎng)育孩子,日本的女性還要做絕大部分的家務(wù)活和照顧老人的工作。

劍橋大學(xué)的現(xiàn)代日本研究員Brigitte Steger說,

“Women are being harassed for being selfish for taking time out to have children or look after them and for being inconsiderate towards their fellow employees — while women are also criticized for being selfish and not having children."

“女性因?yàn)轵v出時(shí)間生育和照顧孩子被指為自私,因?yàn)檫@是對(duì)她們同事的不體貼;然而,如果女性不生育孩子,也會(huì)被批評(píng)為自私。”

《日本時(shí)報(bào)》評(píng)論稱,要改善日本醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域性別不公的現(xiàn)狀,需改變工作環(huán)境和社會(huì)文化。

An improvement in Japan’s legal framework or administrative policies to promote gender equality will not be effective without an accompanying change in the broader work environment and culture for both men and women.

僅完善日本的法律框架和行政制度是不足以提高性別平等的,必須要在兩性的工作環(huán)境和文化方面做出相應(yīng)的改變。

日本女性醫(yī)療工作者協(xié)會(huì)(Japan Medical Women's Association)會(huì)長Yoshiko Maeda說,醫(yī)院要做的是改善女性醫(yī)療工作者的工作環(huán)境,而不是擔(dān)心女性會(huì)離開職位(it is necessary to improve the work environment for female doctors rather than fearing women will leave jobs)。

雖然進(jìn)行勞工改革以促進(jìn)性別平等會(huì)帶來短暫的陣痛,威脅到日本男性的既有利益,但這所謂的既有利益本就是建立在性別歧視上的畸形不公的現(xiàn)狀。

評(píng)論稱:

Gender discrimination is much more than just unfair treatment for women. It is an embarrassing blight on this country. The dignity of the nation is being questioned.

性別歧視不僅僅是對(duì)女性的不公對(duì)待,更是令人羞恥的國家弊病。國家的尊嚴(yán)因此遭到質(zhì)疑。

Men and women, young and old, political leaders and business executives all have to unite and stamp out this avoidable injustice.

男性和女性,青年和老年,政治領(lǐng)袖和商業(yè)主管,都應(yīng)合力解決這項(xiàng)可以避免的社會(huì)不公。

每個(gè)人應(yīng)有平等接受教育和獲得工作的機(jī)會(huì),性別不應(yīng)成為女性發(fā)展道路上的障礙。

(來源:中國日報(bào)雙語新聞編輯部)

 

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