昨天,“馬云退休”的話題刷爆社交媒體。
9月10日,馬云以題為“教師節(jié)快樂”的公開信(點(diǎn)這里查看)向外界宣布,2019年9月10日,他將不再擔(dān)任集團(tuán)的董事局主席職務(wù),屆時(shí)由現(xiàn)任集團(tuán)CEO張勇接任。
這個(gè)能用一口流利英文表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的企業(yè)家一直受到外媒和外國網(wǎng)友的廣泛關(guān)注。
這次,馬云“退休”的消息一經(jīng)爆出,外媒的報(bào)道鋪天蓋地……
CNN:馬云明年將從阿里巴巴最高領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的位置上退下來
《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》:中國最富有的男人——阿里巴巴馬云將從他聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始的公司退休
《電訊報(bào)》:中國最富有的男人馬云將退出阿里巴巴
還有一些外媒總結(jié)了馬云的職業(yè)生涯,尤其對(duì)他開創(chuàng)的商業(yè)模式,和他對(duì)中國互聯(lián)網(wǎng)商業(yè)做出的貢獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行了評(píng)論。
《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》:馬云給中國演示了做生意的一條新路子
CNBC:馬云的繼承人計(jì)劃是關(guān)于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的重要一課
今天,雙語君(微信ID:Chinadaily_Mobile)就為大家整理了幾篇外媒的報(bào)道,看看他們是如何看待馬云退休這件事的。
馬云的人生建議
CNBC發(fā)表文章稱馬云退休是他遵循自己人生建議的結(jié)果。
CNBC:馬云54歲了,他退出阿里巴巴的決定證明他聽取了自己的建議什么建議呢?
今年1月,馬云在2018冬季達(dá)沃斯論壇上的一番話在國外社交媒體上火了,說的是人一生的每階段該做的事↓↓↓
馬云說:
"When you are 20 to 30 years old, you should follow a good boss [and] join a good company to learn how to do things properly. When you are 30 to 40 years old, if you want to do something yourself, just do it. You still can afford to lose, to fail."
“當(dāng)你20或者30來歲時(shí),你應(yīng)該跟一個(gè)好老板,加入一個(gè)好公司,學(xué)習(xí)如何把事情做好。到了30、40來歲,如果你想創(chuàng)業(yè),那就去做吧,你還經(jīng)得起挫折和失敗。”
而對(duì)于接下來的人生,馬云建議可以穩(wěn)定下來,以家庭和下一代為主要考慮因素(stability, family and the future generations)。
Instead of diving into a new field or subject toward the later years in your career, he said, "when you're 40 to 50 years old, my suggestion is you should do things you are good at."
在接下來幾年的職業(yè)生涯中,不要再考慮進(jìn)入新領(lǐng)域了,馬云說:“當(dāng)你40到50歲時(shí),我的建議就是你應(yīng)該做你擅長的事情。”
"When you are 50 to 60 years old, spend time training and developing young people, the next generation," Ma added. "When you are over 60 years old, you better stay with your grandchildren."
“當(dāng)你50到60歲時(shí),應(yīng)該花時(shí)間去訓(xùn)練培養(yǎng)年輕人,還有下一代,”馬云補(bǔ)充道,“當(dāng)你60多歲時(shí),就和孫輩一起共享天倫吧。”
文章表示,54歲的馬云此時(shí)的選擇,正是應(yīng)了他彼時(shí)的人生建議。
文章回顧了馬云的職業(yè)生涯,稱年輕時(shí)的馬云失敗了很多次,他在30歲之前可謂是屢遭碰壁,但馬云說,二、三十歲的人是“最幸運(yùn)的”,因?yàn)樗麄冞€有時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí):
"I failed so many times," he said. "24 of us interviewed for a KFC job, 23 got accepted, I was the only guy rejected," he explained.
“我失敗了太多次,”馬云說,“當(dāng)時(shí)我們24個(gè)人去肯德基面試,23個(gè)都被錄用了,我是唯一被拒的。”
Ma also discussed the time he applied for a "police job" with five other people. He was the only person from the group to be rejected. Another time, he and his cousin applied for jobs as servers at a four-star hotel. "We waited [in a] long queue for two hours," Ma said. Although his cousin got the job, he received a rejection yet again.
馬云也談起自己和另外5人一起面試“警察的工作”。他也是這些人之中唯一一個(gè)被拒絕的。另一次,他和表兄弟一起面試四星級(jí)酒店的招待。“我們排了兩個(gè)小時(shí)隊(duì),”最后表兄弟被錄用了,他再次被刷。
但是即便如此,他也從未放棄,盡其所能去完成他的目標(biāo)。“我知道這對(duì)我來說都是磨練”("I know this is a training course for me")。
如今,這個(gè)在公司中被稱為“馬老師”(Teacher Ma)的馬云已經(jīng)54歲了,而他宣布退休的那天正是中國的教師節(jié)。
文章援引馬云的話說,“我做教書育人的事兒比做CEO得心應(yīng)手”:
Just last week, Ma had said that "some day, very soon," he would return to teaching and education. "This is something I think I can do much better than being CEO of Alibaba."
上周,馬云說“某一天、很快地”他將重回教書育人的工作。“我覺得我做這事兒比做阿里巴巴CEO得心應(yīng)手。”
"I miss teaching very much. I came to the business field by accident," said Ma.
“我非常想念教書,進(jìn)入生意場(chǎng)是個(gè)意外,”馬云說。
馬云的企業(yè)管理智慧
福布斯則發(fā)了一篇長文分析馬云的企業(yè)管理智慧。
福布斯:這周馬云給我們上了一堂課,告訴我們什么是優(yōu)秀的企業(yè)管理
Teacher Ma as he is affectionately known inside Alibaba provided a blueprint for succession and corporate governance.
馬老師(阿里巴巴的員工親切地叫他馬老師)給我們提供了一個(gè)企業(yè)繼承和管理的藍(lán)圖。
作者開篇即提到,馬云選擇CEO張勇,而非家族成員,繼任董事局主席,一反亞洲家族企業(yè)的做法。
What is very important to note here is that Ma has not picked a family member to succeed him but picked Daniel Zhang based on merit and business acumen.
非常重要的一點(diǎn)是,馬云沒有選擇一名家族成員來繼承自己的職務(wù),而是基于才干和商業(yè)才華選擇了張勇。
acumen /??kj?m?n, ??kju?m?n/:敏銳,聰明
Asian business has a history of using hereditary succession but Alibaba has shown the direction for global businesses to take.
亞洲企業(yè)有世襲繼承的傳統(tǒng),但阿里巴巴展示了一個(gè)全球化企業(yè)應(yīng)走的方向。
hereditary /h?'r?d?'t?ri/ :世襲的
succession:繼承
馬云的管理方式具體好在哪里呢?
文章重點(diǎn)提到了馬云在公開信里反復(fù)說的,阿里巴巴合伙人制度(the Alibaba Partnership)。
合伙人制度創(chuàng)立于2010年,其目的是為了確保企業(yè)的使命、文化、價(jià)值觀能超越個(gè)人局限而傳承下去(it was designed, to ensure the mission, culture and values of Alibaba survive well beyond any individual)。
其運(yùn)作機(jī)制是這樣的:
The Alibaba Partnership nominates and votes on new partners each year based on their experience, leadership and if they are a culture-carrier of the company.
合伙人制度每年基于資歷、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才干提名投票選出新的認(rèn)同企業(yè)文化的合伙人。
The Alibaba partnership currently has 36 members from all parts of the Alibaba ecosystem, 33% of the members are female leaders.
目前阿里巴巴合伙人共有36名,他們來自阿里巴巴生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的各部分,其中33%是女性領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。
作者稱,合伙人機(jī)制確保了阿里巴巴高層可以及時(shí)通報(bào)和討論企業(yè)各領(lǐng)域存在的問題。
It is refreshing to see a business have a diverse group of individuals who form a part of managing a complex and large-scale business.
一個(gè)企業(yè)能讓如此多元化的成員組成管理的一部分,從而確保一個(gè)復(fù)雜大型的企業(yè)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)正常,這種做法實(shí)在讓人耳目一新。
這個(gè)機(jī)制在阿里巴巴高層管理人員的更迭中也起到重要作用。
The Partnership has the right to nominate (but not elect) a simple majority of members to Alibaba Group’s Board of Directors.
合伙人有權(quán)提名(但不是選舉)過半數(shù)的阿里巴巴集團(tuán)董事會(huì)成員。
This means when it comes time to choose a new Executive Chairman, the Partnership-nominated directors have intimate knowledge of that executive’s leadership style, operation abilities and character.
這意味著當(dāng)要選擇新的執(zhí)行主席時(shí),這些由合伙人提名的董事會(huì)成員會(huì)很清楚這個(gè)人的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)風(fēng)格、執(zhí)行能力和性格特點(diǎn)。
文章稱,這與大多數(shù)上市公司的做法都不一樣。
通常這些公司都是大范圍搜羅人才,但這些人未必有著相同的企業(yè)文化和價(jià)值觀。
而董事局成員也不像阿里巴巴合伙人制度確保的那樣,對(duì)候選人有著一手的了解。
因此,作者總結(jié)評(píng)論道:
There is this perception that Chinese businesses are followers but in the case of governance and succession planning, it is clearly showing us the future.
有一種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為中國企業(yè)一直在追趕世界步伐,但在企業(yè)管理和繼任規(guī)劃方面,它們顯然讓我們看到了未來。
作者覺得這是亞馬遜、eBay等企業(yè)需要學(xué)習(xí)的:
Can you name who the successors are at Amazon or eBay in case something happens to Jeff Bezos or Devin Wenig? Honestly, I have no clue which executives are being groomed by these businesses to take over if something were to happen to their founder or CEO.
如果亞馬遜的貝佐斯或eBay的維尼格出了什么事,你能想出一個(gè)繼承人嗎?老實(shí)講,我完全不知道這些公司培養(yǎng)了哪些主管可以繼任他們。
馬云的公開信藏著改變?nèi)松慕?jīng)驗(yàn)
美國Inc雜志還刊登了撰稿人Erik Sherman的文章,詳細(xì)談了他讀過馬云公開信后的感受和從中獲得的啟發(fā)。
馬云辭職信第四段背后藏著改變?nèi)松慕?jīng)驗(yàn)
構(gòu)筑一個(gè)可能沒有你的未來
Erik說,自己很少寫諸如“這件事會(huì)改變你的一生”這樣的文章或標(biāo)題( "one thing will change your life" type of story or headline),但馬云的公開信卻真的藏了改變?nèi)松慕?jīng)驗(yàn)。
而這一寶貴經(jīng)驗(yàn),就藏在公開信正文第四段的最后:
……公司不可能只靠幾個(gè)創(chuàng)始人,更何況我深知從能力、精力和體力的角度,任何人都不可能永遠(yuǎn)擔(dān)任公司的CEO和董事長工作。
...No company can rely solely on its founders. Of all people, I should know that. Because of physical limits on one's ability and energy, no one can shoulder the responsibilities of chairman and CEO forever.
作者將獲得的啟發(fā)總結(jié)為3點(diǎn):
? You can't do everything by yourself.
你不可能一個(gè)人完成所有事情
作者Erik說,美國社會(huì)推崇個(gè)人英雄主義,這些英雄往往單打獨(dú)斗(facing all adversity alone),最后大獲全勝。
但事實(shí)并非如此,你所做的一切都受益于其他人和事的幫助。
Of course people who accomplish anything do so with great work on their part. But whether in schooling offered, the way you were raised, pre-existing national and global infrastructure, work of those who went before, or teams that help make a final vision possible and known to the world, there is always help.
當(dāng)然,一個(gè)人若取得一些成就,肯定是很好地完成了己任。但不管是學(xué)校教育,成長方式,業(yè)已存在的國家、國際基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,前人已完成的事業(yè),亦或是助你將最終想法變成可能,進(jìn)而聞名全球的團(tuán)隊(duì),這些都對(duì)你有幫助。
? You won't last forever.
你不可能長生不老
We are all mortal in that we all eventually die. Other things fall to the wayside as well: opportunities, interests, relationships, energy and more.
我們皆為凡人,終將離去。而其它一些事情,譬如機(jī)會(huì)、興趣、關(guān)系、精力等,亦如此。
沒有永遠(yuǎn)的創(chuàng)始人,因此要不斷將合適的人選送上這個(gè)位置。
In the evolution of companies, an entrepreneurial founder starts as a jack-of-all-trade, adds experts in specific areas, and eventually reaches a scale of business that is beyond his or her management abilities. In that case, the founder doesn't last forever, instead bringing on a replacement more suited to that role.
在公司發(fā)展演進(jìn)中,企業(yè)創(chuàng)始人最初是“粗淺的多面手”,在特定經(jīng)營領(lǐng)域增加專業(yè)人員,最終會(huì)觸及一些超過自己管理能力的生意。在這種情況下,創(chuàng)始人不可能一直領(lǐng)導(dǎo)公司,而是應(yīng)該選拔更適合的人承擔(dān)該職位。
? For real success, your undertaking should be able to continue without you.
真正的成功是,你的企業(yè)沒了你也能正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)
Erik寫道,真正成功的企業(yè)比創(chuàng)始人活得更長久(outlast the founder)。
要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造持久繁榮的企業(yè),就要超越自己去思考(you have to think beyond yourself),讓公司離了你也能運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)得很好。
You find the best people you can to help, work with them to do better, and create structures that can outlast you. The fruits of your labor are more than the size of a bank account. It's in the existence of accomplishment in its own right.
你要找到最優(yōu)秀的人才,去幫助他們,和他們共同努力做得更好,組建可持續(xù)的構(gòu)架。你努力的成果遠(yuǎn)不止銀行賬戶數(shù)目的大小,而在于成就本身。
(來源:中國日?qǐng)?bào)雙語新聞編輯部)