當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間4月21日，白宮舉行新冠肺炎疫情新聞發(fā)布會(huì)。美國(guó)總統(tǒng)特朗普在會(huì)上宣布，美國(guó)將在未來(lái)60天內(nèi)暫停接收移民。此舉在美國(guó)現(xiàn)代史上沒(méi)有過(guò)先例。

President Trump said Tuesday he will halt immigration to the United States for 60 days, a freeze that will block green card recipients from moving to the country but will continue to allow temporary workers on nonimmigrant visas to enter.

美國(guó)總統(tǒng)特朗普于周二（4月21日）表示，將在未來(lái)60天內(nèi)暫停接收移民。這一行政令適用于綠卡申請(qǐng)者，但不影響持非移民簽證的臨時(shí)勞工入境美國(guó)。

Trump portrayed the action, which he first previewed in a tweet late Monday night, as an effort to protect American workers from competition overseas. He indicated during a White House briefing that there would be certain exemptions but did not elaborate.

特朗普將之描述為保護(hù)美國(guó)工人不受海外競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的舉措。他在白宮新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上表示，將會(huì)有一些豁免，但沒(méi)有詳細(xì)說(shuō)明。周一（4月20日）晚，特朗普首先在推特上發(fā)文預(yù)告將簽署該行政令。

exemption[?ɡ?zemp?n]：n.免除，豁免

The president provided a rationale for the unprecedented decision that was primarily economic, arguing that he wants Americans to have access to work as millions of people have lost their jobs amid the coronavirus crisis.

這是一項(xiàng)史無(wú)前例的決定，而特朗普稱這主要是基于經(jīng)濟(jì)原因。他表示，數(shù)百萬(wàn)人在新冠疫情危機(jī)期間失去工作，他希望美國(guó)人能獲得工作機(jī)會(huì)。

The text of the order was still being written, Trump said Tuesday night, but he expected to sign it on Wednesday.

特朗普在周二（4月21日）晚上說(shuō)，這項(xiàng)行政令的文本還在撰寫當(dāng)中，但他預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)在周三簽署。

“It would be wrong and unjust for Americans laid off by the virus to be replaced with new immigrant labor flown in from abroad,” Trump said at the briefing. “We must first take care of the American worker.”

特朗普在發(fā)布會(huì)上說(shuō)：“讓從國(guó)外來(lái)的新移民勞工取代因病毒而失業(yè)的美國(guó)人，是錯(cuò)誤和不公平的，我們必須首先照顧美國(guó)工人”。

The measure will include exemptions for certain groups, though it’s unclear how extensive they will be. Trump said farmers will not be affected by the order, appearing to confirm that visas for agricultural workers would fall outside the scope of the measure.

相關(guān)措施將包括對(duì)某些群體的豁免，不過(guò)目前還不清楚豁免范圍會(huì)有多大。特朗普還表示，農(nóng)民不會(huì)因此受影響，這似乎證實(shí)，農(nóng)業(yè)工人的簽證將不在該措施的范圍之內(nèi)。

On Twitter, he cited "the attack from the invisible enemy", as he calls the virus, and the need to protect the jobs of Americans, but did not give details.

他在推特上提到了“來(lái)自隱形敵人的攻擊”（這是他對(duì)病毒的稱呼），以及保護(hù)美國(guó)人就業(yè)的需要，但沒(méi)有給出細(xì)節(jié)。

Immigrant visas are issued for those who have been approved to move permanently to the United States. The majority are family members of US citizens or permanent residents.

移民簽證是為那些被批準(zhǔn)永久移居美國(guó)的人簽發(fā)的。大多數(shù)獲得者是美國(guó)公民或永久居民的家庭成員。

The United States already has suspended routine visa services overseas, so that very few would-be immigrants are likely to be stopped just before they board planes.

美國(guó)已經(jīng)暫停了境外常規(guī)簽證服務(wù)，因此幾乎沒(méi)有潛在移民會(huì)直接受此影響。

Harvard Business School professor William Kerr, whose research focuses on how high-skilled immigrant labor has reshaped the US economy, said closing off the pipeline for foreign talent could create barriers to economic success.

哈佛商學(xué)院教授威廉?科爾表示，切斷海外人才輸送渠道可能會(huì)影響經(jīng)濟(jì)的成功。他主要研究高技能移民勞動(dòng)力如何重塑了美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)。

Immigrants represent more than a quarter of US entrepreneurs and a quarter of inventors, Kerr said. “These are contributions that are very valuable to economic growth,” he said. “We are going to need to restore large parts of our economy, and immigrants could be very helpful in that role.”

科爾說(shuō)：“移民占美國(guó)企業(yè)家的四分之一以上，占發(fā)明家的四分之一。這些貢獻(xiàn)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)非常有價(jià)值。我們需要恢復(fù)大部分經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)，移民在這方面幫助很大。”

Critics say the government is using the pandemic to crack down on immigration.

批評(píng)人士說(shuō)，政府正在利用新冠疫情打擊移民。

Immigration has traditionally been a strong campaigning theme for Mr Trump, but has taken a back seat during the pandemic and in the lead-up to the November election.

對(duì)特朗普來(lái)說(shuō)， 移民歷來(lái)是強(qiáng)有力的競(jìng)選主題，但在新冠疫情和11月總統(tǒng)大選之前，移民問(wèn)題已退居次要地位。

Over the past four weeks, more than 20 million Americans have registered for unemployment benefits. That amounts to roughly as many jobs as employers had added over the previous decade.

在過(guò)去四周，有2千多萬(wàn)美國(guó)人登記領(lǐng)取失業(yè)救濟(jì)金。這大約相當(dāng)于過(guò)去10年的新增就業(yè)崗位。

The US has more than 787,000 confirmed cases of Covid-19 and more than 42,000 deaths, according to a tally by Johns Hopkins University.

根據(jù)約翰斯·霍普金斯大學(xué)的統(tǒng)計(jì)，美國(guó)新冠肺炎確診病例超過(guò)78.7萬(wàn)例，死亡病例超過(guò)4.2萬(wàn)例。

Last year, just over one million people were granted lawful permanent resident status in the US, according to the Department of Homeland Security. The top countries of origin were Mexico, China, India, the Dominican Republic, the Philippines and Cuba.

美國(guó)國(guó)土安全部稱，去年僅100多萬(wàn)人獲得了美國(guó)合法永久居民身份。排在前幾位的移民來(lái)源國(guó)是墨西哥、中國(guó)、印度、多米尼加共和國(guó)、菲律賓和古巴。

More than half of those, though, were cases of "adjusted status from within the US" - meaning they were already there - and only 459,000 arrived from abroad. The latter group would be the ones presumably affected by an immigration ban.

不過(guò)，其中一半以上是“來(lái)自美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)的身份調(diào)整”（即申請(qǐng)者在美國(guó)境內(nèi)），只有45.9萬(wàn)人來(lái)自海外。后者可能是受到移民禁令影響的群體。

When it comes to refugees, there were 30,000 people admitted into the US in 2019, most of them from Congo, Myanmar, Ukraine, Eritrea, Afghanistan and Syria.

2019年，美國(guó)接收了3萬(wàn)名難民，其中大部分來(lái)自剛果、緬甸、烏克蘭、厄立特里亞、阿富汗和敘利亞。

英文來(lái)源：BBC、華盛頓郵報(bào)、國(guó)會(huì)山報(bào)

翻譯&編輯：yaning