第十三屆全國人民代表大會(huì)第四次會(huì)議3月5日上午在人民大會(huì)堂開幕。

受全國人大常委會(huì)委托，全國人大常委會(huì)副委員長王晨作關(guān)于全國人民代表大會(huì)關(guān)于完善香港特別行政區(qū)選舉制度的決定草案的說明。

以下是說明雙語全文：

關(guān)于《全國人民代表大會(huì)關(guān)于完善香港特別行政區(qū)選舉制度的決定（草案）》的說明
Explanations on the Draft Decision of the National People’s Congress On Improving the Electoral System of
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

——2021年3月5日在第十三屆全國人民代表大會(huì)第四次會(huì)議上
全國人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)副委員長　王晨
Presented by Wang Chen
Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of The National People’s Congress
At the Fourth Session of the 13th National People’s Congress
5 March 2021

各位代表：
Deputies,

我受全國人大常委會(huì)的委托，作關(guān)于《全國人民代表大會(huì)關(guān)于完善香港特別行政區(qū)選舉制度的決定（草案）》的說明。
Entrusted by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (NPC), I hereby make the following explanations about the Draft Decision of the National People’s Congress on Improving the Electoral System of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR).

一、完善香港特別行政區(qū)選舉制度的必要性和重要性
I. The imperative and importance of improving the electoral system of the Hong Kong SAR

香港回歸祖國后重新納入國家治理體系，《中華人民共和國憲法》和《中華人民共和國香港特別行政區(qū)基本法》共同構(gòu)成香港特別行政區(qū)的憲制基礎(chǔ)。香港特別行政區(qū)實(shí)行的選舉制度包括行政長官的產(chǎn)生辦法和立法會(huì)的產(chǎn)生辦法，是香港特別行政區(qū)政治體制的重要組成部分，應(yīng)當(dāng)符合“一國兩制”方針，符合香港特別行政區(qū)實(shí)際情況，確?！皭蹏咧胃邸保欣诰S護(hù)國家主權(quán)、安全、發(fā)展利益，保持香港長期繁榮穩(wěn)定。香港回歸以來，國家始終堅(jiān)持全面準(zhǔn)確貫徹落實(shí)“一國兩制”、“港人治港”、高度自治的方針，堅(jiān)持依法治港，維護(hù)憲法和香港基本法確定的香港特別行政區(qū)憲制秩序，支持香港特別行政區(qū)民主發(fā)展，保障香港特別行政區(qū)居民依法行使民主權(quán)利。同時(shí)必須看到，近幾年來，特別是2019年香港發(fā)生“修例風(fēng)波”以來，反中亂港勢(shì)力和本土激進(jìn)分離勢(shì)力公然鼓吹“港獨(dú)”等主張，通過香港特別行政區(qū)選舉平臺(tái)、立法會(huì)和區(qū)議會(huì)議事平臺(tái)或者利用有關(guān)公職人員身份，肆無忌憚進(jìn)行反中亂港活動(dòng)，極力癱瘓香港特別行政區(qū)立法會(huì)運(yùn)作，阻撓香港特別行政區(qū)政府依法施政；策劃并實(shí)施所謂“預(yù)選”，妄圖通過選舉掌控香港立法會(huì)主導(dǎo)權(quán)，進(jìn)而奪取香港管治權(quán)；一些外國和境外勢(shì)力通過立法、行政等方式和駐港領(lǐng)事機(jī)構(gòu)、非政府組織等渠道公然干預(yù)香港事務(wù)，對(duì)我國有關(guān)人員粗暴進(jìn)行所謂“制裁”，明目張膽為香港反中亂港勢(shì)力撐腰打氣、提供保護(hù)傘。這些行為和活動(dòng)，嚴(yán)重?fù)p害香港特別行政區(qū)的憲制秩序和法治秩序，嚴(yán)重挑戰(zhàn)憲法、香港基本法和香港國安法權(quán)威，嚴(yán)重危害國家主權(quán)、安全、發(fā)展利益，嚴(yán)重破壞香港社會(huì)大局穩(wěn)定，必須予以堅(jiān)決反對(duì)并采取有力措施防范和化解風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
The return of Hong Kong to the motherland put the region once again under the overall governance system of the country. The Constitution of the People’s Republic of China and the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China jointly form the constitutional basis of the Hong Kong SAR. The electoral system of the Hong Kong SAR, which includes the methods for the selection of the Chief Executive and for the formation of the Legislative Council, is an important part of the political structure of the Hong Kong SAR. The electoral system should conform to the policy of One Country, Two Systems, meet the realities in the Hong Kong SAR and serve to ensure “patriots administering Hong Kong”. It should be conducive to safeguarding China’s national sovereignty, security and development interests and help maintain the long-term prosperity and stability of Hong Kong. Since Hong Kong’s return, the State has all along fully and faithfully implemented the policy of One Country, Two Systems under which the people of Hong Kong administer Hong Kong with a high degree of autonomy, and has run Hong Kong affairs according to law, upheld the constitutional order in the Hong Kong SAR as established by the Constitution and the Basic Law, supported the development of democracy in the SAR and guaranteed the exercise of democratic rights by residents of the SAR in accordance with the law. However, it must be noted that in recent years, especially after the turbulence over the amendment bill in 2019, anti-China, destabilizing forces and radical localists in Hong Kong have openly called for “Hong Kong independence”. They used the electoral platforms of the Hong Kong SAR and the deliberation platforms of the Legislative Council and the District Councils or their position as public servants to blatantly carry out anti-China and destabilizing activities. They resorted to every possible means to paralyze the functioning of the Legislative Council and obstruct the law-based administration of the SAR government. They masterminded and perpetrated the so-called “primary election”, in an attempt to obtain a majority in the Legislative Council so that they could step further to grab the power to administer Hong Kong. Some foreign countries and external forces, by way of their own legislative bills or administrative means and through their consular agencies and NGOs in the Hong Kong SAR and other channels, blatantly meddled with Hong Kong affairs. They also grossly imposed so-called “sanctions” on the relevant Chinese personnel and flagrantly emboldened and covered those anti-China, destabilizing forces in Hong Kong. These activities seriously jeopardized the constitutional order and the order of rule of law in the Hong Kong SAR. They posed a grave challenge to the authority of the Constitution, the Basic Law and the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong SAR. Such activities put China’s national sovereignty, security and development interests into serious jeopardy and severely disrupted social stability of the Hong Kong SAR. They must be resolutely opposed, and forceful measures must be taken to prevent and defuse risks arising therefrom.

香港社會(huì)出現(xiàn)的一些亂象表明，香港特別行政區(qū)現(xiàn)行的選舉制度機(jī)制存在明顯的漏洞和缺陷，為反中亂港勢(shì)力奪取香港特別行政區(qū)管治權(quán)提供了可乘之機(jī)。為此，必須采取必要措施完善香港特別行政區(qū)選舉制度，消除制度機(jī)制方面存在的隱患和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，確保以愛國者為主體的“港人治港”，確保在香港特別行政區(qū)依法施政和有效治理，確保香港“一國兩制”實(shí)踐始終沿著正確方向前進(jìn)。
The rioting and turbulence that occurred in the Hong Kong society reveals that the existing electoral system in the Hong Kong SAR has clear loopholes and deficiencies, which the anti-China, destabilizing elements jumped on to take into their hands the power to administer the SAR. To remedy the situation, it is important to take necessary steps to improve the electoral system and remove existing institutional deficiencies and risks to ensure the administration of Hong Kong by Hong Kong people with patriots as the main body. This in turn will ensure effective and law-based administration in the SAR and keep the implementation of One Country, Two Systems always on the right track.

早在1984年6月，鄧小平同志就明確指出：“港人治港有個(gè)界線和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，就是必須由以愛國者為主體的港人來治理香港。”“什么叫愛國者？愛國者的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是，尊重自己民族，誠心誠意擁護(hù)祖國恢復(fù)行使對(duì)香港的主權(quán)，不損害香港的繁榮和穩(wěn)定?！毕愀圩怨乓詠砭褪侵袊念I(lǐng)土，香港特別行政區(qū)是中華人民共和國不可分離的部分，是中華人民共和國的一個(gè)享有高度自治權(quán)的地方行政區(qū)域、直轄于中央人民政府?！皭蹏咧胃邸笔恰耙粐鴥芍啤狈结樀膽?yīng)有之義。香港基本法關(guān)于香港特別行政區(qū)行政長官以及行政機(jī)關(guān)、立法機(jī)關(guān)、司法機(jī)關(guān)組成人員的規(guī)定，貫穿著由以愛國者為主體的港人治港的原則，要求行政長官、主要官員、行政會(huì)議成員、立法會(huì)議員、各級(jí)法院法官和其他司法人員都必須擁護(hù)中華人民共和國香港特別行政區(qū)基本法，效忠中華人民共和國香港特別行政區(qū)。2019年10月，黨的十九屆四中全會(huì)《決定》提出，堅(jiān)持和完善“一國兩制”制度體系，完善特別行政區(qū)同憲法和基本法實(shí)施相關(guān)的制度和機(jī)制，堅(jiān)持以愛國者為主體的“港人治港”。2021年1月27日，習(xí)近平主席在聽取香港特別行政區(qū)行政長官2020年度述職報(bào)告時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)，香港由亂及治的重大轉(zhuǎn)折，再次昭示了一個(gè)深刻道理，那就是要確?！耙粐鴥芍啤睂?shí)踐行穩(wěn)致遠(yuǎn)，必須始終堅(jiān)持“愛國者治港”；這是事關(guān)國家主權(quán)、安全、發(fā)展利益，事關(guān)香港長期繁榮穩(wěn)定的根本原則；只有做到“愛國者治港”，中央對(duì)特別行政區(qū)的全面管治權(quán)才能得到有效落實(shí)，憲法和基本法確立的憲制秩序才能得到有效維護(hù)，各種深層次問題才能得到有效解決，香港才能實(shí)現(xiàn)長治久安，并為實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興作出應(yīng)有的貢獻(xiàn)。香港特別行政區(qū)實(shí)行的選舉制度，包括行政長官的產(chǎn)生辦法和立法會(huì)的產(chǎn)生辦法，必須切實(shí)貫徹和全面體現(xiàn)以愛國者為主體的“港人治港”的政治原則和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)并為此提供相應(yīng)的制度保障。
Back in June 1984, Mr. Deng Xiaoping pointed out that there must be “some requirements or qualifications with regard to the administration of Hong Kong affairs by the people of Hong Kong. It must be required that patriots form the main body of administrators”. According to him, “A patriot is one who respects the Chinese nation, sincerely supports the motherland’s resumption of exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong, and wishes not to impair Hong Kong’s prosperity and stability.” Hong Kong has been a Chinese territory since ancient times. The Hong Kong SAR is an inalienable part of the People’s Republic of China, a local administrative region with a high degree of autonomy that directly comes under the Central People’s Government. “Patriots administering Hong Kong” is a necessary requirement of the One Country, Two Systems policy. All provisions in the Basic Law regarding Hong Kong’s Chief Executive and those working in the executive authorities, the legislature and the judiciary reflect the principle of Hong Kong people administering Hong Kong with patriots as the main body. It is stipulated that the Chief Executive, principal officials, members of the Executive Council and of the Legislative Council, judges of the courts at all levels and other members of the judiciary in the Hong Kong SAR must uphold the Basic Law of the Hong Kong SAR and swear allegiance to the Hong Kong SAR of the People’s Republic of China. In a decision released in October 2019, the fourth plenary session of the 19th CPC Central Committee called for upholding and improving the system and institutions of One Country, Two Systems, improving the SAR’s institutions and mechanisms related to the implementation of the Constitution and the Basic Law, and upholding the administration of Hong Kong by Hong Kong people with patriots as the main body. On 27 January 2021, when listening to a 2020 work report from Chief Executive of the Hong Kong SAR, President Xi Jinping noted that Hong Kong’s major shift from chaos to stability once again testifies to the unfailing truth that to ensure the steady practice of One Country, Two Systems in Hong Kong in the long run, we must always uphold the principle of “patriots administering Hong Kong”. This is a fundamental principle crucial to the sovereignty, security and development interests of our country and crucial to the sustained prosperity and stability of Hong Kong. Only when the principle of “patriots administering Hong Kong” is observed can the Central Authorities’ overall jurisdiction over the SAR be effectively implemented, the constitutional order as established by the Constitution and the Basic Law be effectively maintained, and the various deep-seated problems be effectively resolved. Only in this way can Hong Kong achieve durable stability and make its due contributions to realizing national rejuvenation. The electoral system of the Hong Kong SAR, including the methods for the selection of the Chief Executive and for the formation of the Legislative Council, must strictly follow and fully reflect the political principle and criterion of the administration of Hong Kong by Hong Kong people with patriots as the main body and provide institutional safeguards for this purpose.