正在舉行的博鰲亞洲論壇2023年年會(huì)上，對(duì)于中國(guó)是否還是“世界工廠”的討論熱度很高。多年來(lái)，中國(guó)制造業(yè)生產(chǎn)力水平不斷提升，企業(yè)在中國(guó)建廠生產(chǎn)成本低、生產(chǎn)效率高，吸引各類(lèi)資本來(lái)投資建廠，形成了中國(guó)制造業(yè)在產(chǎn)能和產(chǎn)量上的規(guī)模優(yōu)勢(shì)。

Global trade dependence on Asia, including China, remains stable, and the country will never lose its status as the world's most important manufacturing hub, despite certain US moves that have been disrupting global industrial and supply chains, said senior industry experts and company executives at the Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference 2023 on Tuesday.

周二，在博鰲亞洲論壇2023年年會(huì)上，資深行業(yè)專家和公司高管表示，盡管美國(guó)的某些舉動(dòng)擾亂了全球產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈和供應(yīng)鏈，但全球?qū)Πㄖ袊?guó)在內(nèi)的亞洲貨物貿(mào)易的依存度保持穩(wěn)定，中國(guó)永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)失去世界最重要制造業(yè)中心的地位。

Their comments emerged after a report published at the forum on Tuesday said global dependence on Asian trade in goods remained stable, and the trade dependence among Asian economies, including China, remained at a relatively high level.

在此之前，周二在博鰲亞洲論壇2023年年會(huì)上發(fā)表的一份報(bào)告稱，全球?qū)喼挢浳镔Q(mào)易的依存度保持穩(wěn)定，亞洲經(jīng)濟(jì)體之間的貿(mào)易依存度保持較高水平。

The highest level of dependence — 21 percent — was found among ASEAN countries. Japan and South Korea's dependence on China was over 20 percent, and the dependence of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and CPTPP countries on China was close to 20 percent, the report said, based on data till 2021.

報(bào)告顯示，從2021年數(shù)據(jù)看，東盟成員之間的依存度相對(duì)最高，達(dá)到21%；日本、韓國(guó)對(duì)中國(guó)的依存度在20%以上；東盟國(guó)家和《全面與進(jìn)步跨太平洋伙伴關(guān)系協(xié)定》（CPTPP）國(guó)家對(duì)中國(guó)的依存度也接近20%。

The CPTPP refers to the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, a free trade agreement among Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore and Vietnam.

CPTPP是澳大利亞、文萊、加拿大、智利、日本、馬來(lái)西亞、墨西哥、新西蘭、秘魯、新加坡和越南之間的自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定。

Among the G20 economies, most saw their trade dependence on China rise between 2017 and 2021, with only the United States and France seeing a decline in their trade dependence on China, the report said.

報(bào)告稱，在G20經(jīng)濟(jì)體中，大多數(shù)國(guó)家在2017年至2021年期間對(duì)中國(guó)的貿(mào)易依存度上升，只有美國(guó)和法國(guó)對(duì)中國(guó)的貿(mào)易依存度下降。

"It is actually good for China that some labor-intensive industries would move away, as it would help the country's industries to upgrade to a higher level," said Yao Yang, dean of the National School of Development at Peking University.

北京大學(xué)國(guó)家發(fā)展研究院院長(zhǎng)姚洋說(shuō)：“對(duì)中國(guó)來(lái)說(shuō)，一些勞動(dòng)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)移實(shí)際上是件好事，因?yàn)檫@將有助于中國(guó)的產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)到更高的水平。”

Yao said China will not likely lose its status as the world's largest manufacturing hub for at least 10 to 20 years. "With some labor-intensive industries shifting to some ASEAN economies and developing countries, it is geopolitically beneficial for China as a whole, as these economies are more integrated into China's manufacturing ecosystem."

姚洋說(shuō)，中國(guó)至少在10到20年內(nèi)不會(huì)失去世界最大制造業(yè)中心的地位。“隨著一些勞動(dòng)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)向一些東盟經(jīng)濟(jì)體和發(fā)展中國(guó)家轉(zhuǎn)移，從整體上看，這在地緣政治上對(duì)中國(guó)是有利的，因?yàn)檫@些經(jīng)濟(jì)體更加融入了中國(guó)的制造業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。”

The Boao report also said Asia has a significant advantage in producing competitive products in global value chains.

博鰲亞洲論壇的報(bào)告還指出，亞洲在全球價(jià)值鏈產(chǎn)品競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中優(yōu)勢(shì)突出。。

Of the top 22 intermediate products from Asian factories in terms of export value, 21 have shown a significant rise in exports, with electronic component products, such as integrated circuits, growing the fastest, at a growth rate of up to 28.8 percent in 2021, the report said.

報(bào)告稱，從亞洲工廠出口額排名前22位的中間產(chǎn)品看，21種產(chǎn)品出口增長(zhǎng)明顯，包括集成電路在內(nèi)的電子元件產(chǎn)品增長(zhǎng)最快，2021年增速高達(dá)28.8%。

China was still a dominant player in the trade of intermediate goods in Asia. Among the 22 most traded intermediates, China led in 20 of them, it said.

中國(guó)仍保持在亞洲中間產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易中的主導(dǎo)地位。在交易量最大的22種中間產(chǎn)品中，中國(guó)有20種處于領(lǐng)先地位。

Fabrizio Ferri, head of APAC Region of Fincantieri, one of the world's largest shipbuilding groups, said that China indeed faces some difficulties like disruptions in industrial and supply chains.

全球最大的造船集團(tuán)之一Fincantieri亞太地區(qū)負(fù)責(zé)人Fabrizio Ferri表示，中國(guó)確實(shí)面臨著一些困難，如產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈和供應(yīng)鏈的中斷。

"But China would still be a major production center," he said. "If we have to move to Southeast Asia, it is more because we want to get close to the market and our consumers there."

他說(shuō)：“但中國(guó)仍將是一個(gè)主要的制造業(yè)中心。如果我們不得不搬到東南亞，更多是因?yàn)槲覀兿胍咏抢锏氖袌?chǎng)和消費(fèi)者。”

Zhang Yuyan, director of the Institute of World Economics and Politics at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said in an interview with China Daily on Tuesday that a significant change over the past three years has been that Western countries like the US have begun to pursue so-called "friend shoring", or manufacturing in, and sourcing from, countries with shared values.

中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院世界經(jīng)濟(jì)與政治研究所所長(zhǎng)張宇燕周二在接受《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》采訪時(shí)表示，過(guò)去三年的一個(gè)重大變化是，美國(guó)等西方國(guó)家開(kāi)始追求所謂的“朋友支持”，即在擁有共同價(jià)值觀的國(guó)家制造和采購(gòu)。

"Leveraging political power to intervene in the free functioning of industrial and supply chains is a very big threat to the long-term and stable growth of the entire global economy," Zhang said.

張宇燕說(shuō)：“利用政治力量干預(yù)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈和供應(yīng)鏈的自由運(yùn)作，對(duì)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng)是一個(gè)非常大的威脅。”

來(lái)源：中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)

編輯：yaning