西方國(guó)家頻頻抹黑中國(guó)給非洲帶來(lái)“債務(wù)危機(jī)”，但英國(guó)活動(dòng)團(tuán)體“債務(wù)正義”7月11日發(fā)布的最新調(diào)查顯示，非洲國(guó)家欠西方銀行、資產(chǎn)管理公司和石油交易商的債務(wù)，是其欠中國(guó)債務(wù)的3倍；前者收取的利率也是中國(guó)的兩倍。“債務(wù)正義”政策負(fù)責(zé)人蒂姆·瓊斯指出：“西方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人將非洲的債務(wù)危機(jī)歸咎于中國(guó)，但這是在轉(zhuǎn)移注意力。事實(shí)上，他們自己的銀行、資產(chǎn)管理公司和石油交易商的責(zé)任更大，但七國(guó)集團(tuán)卻讓他們置身事外。”

African countries owe three times more debt to Western banks, asset managers and oil traders than to China, and are charged double the interest, according to a study released on July 11th by British campaign charity Debt Justice. This is despite the growing accusations by the US and other Western countries that China’s lending is behind the debt troubles faced by some African countries. The study said just 12 percent of the continent’s external debt was owed to Chinese lenders, compared to 35 percent owed to Western private creditors, according to calculations based on World Bank data.
英國(guó)活動(dòng)團(tuán)體“債務(wù)正義”7月11日公布的一項(xiàng)研究顯示，非洲國(guó)家欠西方銀行、資產(chǎn)管理公司和石油交易商的債務(wù)是來(lái)自中國(guó)貸款的三倍，利息是中國(guó)的兩倍。盡管如此，美國(guó)等其他西方國(guó)家仍不斷指責(zé)中國(guó)是一些非洲國(guó)家債務(wù)問(wèn)題的幕后推手。該研究表示，根據(jù)世界銀行數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算，僅12％的非洲國(guó)家外債來(lái)自中國(guó)銀行，而高達(dá)35％的債務(wù)來(lái)自西方私營(yíng)機(jī)構(gòu)。

Interest rates charged on private loans were almost double those on Chinese loans, while the most indebted countries were less likely to have their debt dominated by China, the study found. The average interest rate on private sector loans is 5 percent, compared to 2.7 percent on loans from Chinese public and private lenders.
研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與中國(guó)公有和私營(yíng)銀行2.7％的貸款利率相比，西方私營(yíng)機(jī)構(gòu)的平均利率高達(dá)5％，幾乎是前者的兩倍。對(duì)于那些負(fù)債最多的非洲國(guó)家而言，他們最大的債主也不太可能是中國(guó)。

The study was released ahead of the G20 finance ministers meeting from July 15-16 in Indonesia. Campaigners are calling on Western countries, particularly Britain and the US, to compel private lenders to take part in the Common Framework – the G20’s latest debt relief scheme. The study found a dozen of the 22 African countries with the highest debts were paying more than 30 percent of their total external repayments to private lenders. These included Cabo Verde, Chad, Egypt, Gabon, Malawi, Morocco, Rwanda, Senegal, Tunisia and Zambia.
這份研究在7月15日至16日在印度尼西亞舉辦的二十國(guó)集團(tuán)（G20）財(cái)長(zhǎng)會(huì)議前夕發(fā)布。該機(jī)構(gòu)旨在呼吁西方國(guó)家，特別是英國(guó)和美國(guó)，敦促私人貸款方參加債務(wù)減免共同框架。研究指出，在22個(gè)債務(wù)水平最高的非洲國(guó)家中，包括佛得角、乍得、埃及、加蓬、馬拉維、摩洛哥、盧旺達(dá)、塞內(nèi)加爾、突尼斯和贊比亞等在內(nèi)的12個(gè)國(guó)家超過(guò)30％的外債均來(lái)自私營(yíng)借貸機(jī)構(gòu)。

South Sudan is one of the hardest hit in this category, with 81 percent of its debt repayments going to private creditors, and just 11 percent to China. Ghana is also paying more than half of its external debt obligations to the private sector, with 11 percent going to China and the rest to multilateral lenders and other governments.
其中南蘇丹向私營(yíng)借貸方借貸占比最高，81％的外債都來(lái)自私營(yíng)借貸方，而其所欠中國(guó)外債僅占總量的11％。加納所欠的外債中，超過(guò)50％來(lái)自私營(yíng)機(jī)構(gòu)，11％來(lái)自中國(guó)，剩余部分則來(lái)自多邊組織和其他外國(guó)政府。

Chinese lenders accounted for more than 30 percent of loan payments in six of the 22 most indebted countries – Angola, Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Ethiopia and Zambia.
在22個(gè)債務(wù)最多的非洲國(guó)家中，僅有六個(gè)國(guó)家（安哥拉、喀麥隆、剛果共和國(guó)、吉布提、埃塞俄比亞和贊比亞）超過(guò)三成的外債來(lái)自中國(guó)。

Debt Justice policy head Tim Jones said Western leaders blamed China for debt crises in Africa, “but this is a distraction”.
債務(wù)正義政策負(fù)責(zé)人蒂姆·瓊斯表示，西方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人將非洲的債務(wù)危機(jī)歸咎于中國(guó)，“是在轉(zhuǎn)移注意力”。

“The truth is their own banks, asset managers and oil traders are far more responsible but the G7 are letting them off the hook.” Jones said China had taken part in the G20’s Debt Service Suspension Initiative during the pandemic, while private lenders did not. “There can be no effective debt solution without the involvement of private lenders. The UK and US should introduce legislation to compel private lenders to take part in debt relief,” he said.
“實(shí)際上，西方國(guó)家自己的銀行、資產(chǎn)管理機(jī)構(gòu)和石油交易商的責(zé)任要大得多，但是七國(guó)集團(tuán)卻讓他們置身事外。”瓊斯表示，新冠肺炎疫情期間，中國(guó)積極參與G20的《暫緩最貧困國(guó)家債務(wù)償付倡議》，而西方私營(yíng)貸款方卻并未參加。“如果沒(méi)有私營(yíng)貸款方的參與，我們就無(wú)法達(dá)成有效的債務(wù)解決方案。英美兩國(guó)應(yīng)該出臺(tái)相關(guān)法律，迫使這些機(jī)構(gòu)參與減緩債務(wù)。”

The G20 initiative, unveiled in May 2020, provided 48 economies with temporary cash-flow relief, delivering about US$12.9 billion in debt service payments by the end of December when it ended.
二十國(guó)集團(tuán)于2020年5月發(fā)起的倡議緩解了48個(gè)國(guó)家的現(xiàn)金流壓力，截至2021年12月底到期前，該倡議暫停的參與國(guó)所欠其債權(quán)人債務(wù)的償還總額約為129億美元。

But the exclusion of private and multilateral lenders meant countries that applied to take part in the initiative saw just 23 percent of their external repayments suspended.
但將私人和多邊貸款機(jī)構(gòu)排除在外意味著，申請(qǐng)參與該倡議的國(guó)家只有23%的外債被暫停。

The initiative’s replacement, the G20 Common Framework, allows participating countries to agree to restructure debt with bilateral lenders and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The nations are then supposed to seek similar debt treatment from private sector creditors. The G7 countries have blamed China for the failure of the debt relief programme to help heavily indebted countries avoid default, doubling down in May with a statement from the finance ministers of the world’s seven most advanced economies.
作為暫緩最貧困國(guó)家債務(wù)償付倡議的替代方案，二十國(guó)集團(tuán)《債務(wù)處理共同框架》允許參與國(guó)與雙邊放貸方及國(guó)際貨幣基金組織達(dá)成協(xié)議，進(jìn)行債務(wù)重組。隨后，這些國(guó)家應(yīng)該與私營(yíng)貸款機(jī)構(gòu)也達(dá)成類似的債務(wù)處理方案。今年5月，七國(guó)集團(tuán)財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)發(fā)表聲明，將債務(wù)減緩計(jì)劃未能成功幫助重債國(guó)家避免債務(wù)違約的責(zé)任歸咎于中國(guó)。

Yungong Theo Jong, head of programmes at the African Forum and Network on Debt and Development (Afrodad), said multilateral and private lenders remained the biggest creditors to African governments. “Loans from China have increased Africa’s indebtedness, but by far less than Western lenders. All lenders must participate in debt relief. Western governments must lead the way by making private lenders cancel debts,” he said.
非洲債務(wù)與發(fā)展論壇和網(wǎng)絡(luò)項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人西奧·瓊則表示，非洲國(guó)家最大的債主仍然是多邊和私營(yíng)借貸機(jī)構(gòu)。他說(shuō)：“來(lái)自中國(guó)的貸款雖然增加了非洲的債務(wù)，但其借貸規(guī)模仍然遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)少于西方。所有借貸機(jī)構(gòu)必須參與債務(wù)減緩工作，而西方國(guó)家則必須帶頭讓其私營(yíng)借貸機(jī)構(gòu)參與其中。”

來(lái)源：南華早報(bào)
編輯：董靜