美國《福布斯》雜志網(wǎng)站21日刊文稱，美國日前宣布對(duì)中國的電動(dòng)汽車、太陽能電池等產(chǎn)品加征高額關(guān)稅，引發(fā)了環(huán)保組織、行業(yè)觀察家及分析師的廣泛批評(píng)。專家普遍認(rèn)為，這一行動(dòng)不僅無助于推動(dòng)美國的能源轉(zhuǎn)型，反而會(huì)阻礙美國汽車工業(yè)的未來發(fā)展。文章摘編如下：

With the US many years behind China both in terms of EV development and renewable energy manufacturing, experts said they found it unlikely that simply buying more time would help spur the nation's—and the world's—all-important drive away from fossil fuels, which the scientific community has repeatedly said is essential if humanity is to avoid catastrophic warming. Earlier in May, meteorologists warned that fossil-fueled climate change made April 2024 the 11th consecutive month for record-breaking heat, globally—a phenomenon never before seen in human history.
由于美國在電動(dòng)汽車研發(fā)和可再生能源制造業(yè)方面落后于中國多年，專家們表示，僅僅爭取更多的時(shí)間或無助于刺激美國和全球擺脫化石燃料，科學(xué)界一再呼吁，如果人類要避免災(zāi)難性的全球變暖，化石燃料是關(guān)鍵。5月早些時(shí)候，氣象學(xué)家警告稱，化石燃料引發(fā)的氣候變化使2024年4月成為全球連續(xù)第11個(gè)月出現(xiàn)破紀(jì)錄高溫的月份，這是人類歷史上前所未有的現(xiàn)象。

Speaking to media, Daniel Becker of the environmental group Center for Biological Diversity, said the trade tariffs could have the same effect as the protectionism of the 1970s, in which competition against Japanese manufacturers ultimately led to the ruin of the US auto industry. "If General Motors, Ford and Stellantis don’t have to compete against foreign companies that make EVs, they won't make them.” Becker said.
環(huán)保組織生物多樣性中心的丹尼爾·貝克爾在接受媒體采訪時(shí)表示，美國此舉可能與20世紀(jì)70年代保護(hù)主義產(chǎn)生相同的影響，當(dāng)時(shí)美國與日本制造商的競(jìng)爭最終導(dǎo)致了美國汽車業(yè)的毀滅。貝克爾表示：“如果通用汽車、福特和斯特蘭蒂斯不必與生產(chǎn)電動(dòng)汽車的外國公司競(jìng)爭，他們就不會(huì)生產(chǎn)電動(dòng)汽車。”

Industry observers agreed: American auto industry executive Bill Russo said in an interview that Biden's action condemns US manufacturers to "a slow but certain death." Without stiff competition, Russo said, American carmakers will remain "stuck to the profits of the oil- and gas-powered economy."
行業(yè)觀察人士對(duì)此表示認(rèn)同：美國汽車行業(yè)高管比爾·拉索在接受采訪時(shí)表示，美國政府采取的行動(dòng)必將導(dǎo)致美國汽車制造商“緩慢消亡”。拉索表示，如果沒有激烈的競(jìng)爭，美國汽車制造商將繼續(xù)“堅(jiān)守石油和天然氣的經(jīng)濟(jì)利潤”。

Elsewhere, the CEO of German giant Siemens Energy, Christian Bruch, warned that "energy transition without China doesn't work," and that "trying to build a wind turbine without any Chinese supply will be close to impossible." Meanwhile, commentators such as Steven Rattner, writing in the New York Times, noted that most of the available research on tariffs finds that they both raise prices for consumers and, far from safeguarding employment, usually result in job losses.
此外，德國巨頭西門子能源首席執(zhí)行官克里斯蒂安·布魯赫警告稱，“沒有中國的能源轉(zhuǎn)型是行不通的”，“試圖在沒有任何中國供應(yīng)的情況下建造一臺(tái)風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)幾乎是不可能的。”史蒂文·拉特納等評(píng)論員也在《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》上撰文指出，大多數(shù)現(xiàn)有的關(guān)稅研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，關(guān)稅不僅提高了消費(fèi)者價(jià)格，而且非但不能保障就業(yè)，通常還會(huì)導(dǎo)致失業(yè)。

英文來源：Forbes

編輯：董靜

審校：陳丹妮 韓鶴